WB01343_.gif (599 bytes) Communications

In addition to the many dozens of regional and local newspapers, the Netherlands has several nationally distributed newspapers, each tending to be associated with a particular political or social position. For example, the NRC-Handelsblad (published in Rotterdam) is liberal and nonsectarian, the Volkskrant (Amsterdam) has Roman Catholic ties (Note from PK.: that was a long time ago. Nowadays the Volkskrant is associated more with left wing intellectuals), Trouw (Amsterdam) is close to the Reformed church, and Het Vrije Volk (Rotterdam) is linked to the Socialist Party. The daily with the largest circulation is the independent Telegraaf of Amsterdam. (Note from PK: the Telegraaf is not really independent. It is more like a right wing muckraker!) Under the Media Act of 1988, two national organisations coordinate radio and television broadcasting: an independent consortium provides production facilities, while a firm representing both government and the private sector transmits general-interest programming. Most programs are produced by nonprofit associations that are given funds raised by taxing radio and television owners and are allocated air time according to the number of members they have. The major producers include VARA (socialist), NCRV (Protestant), KRO (Roman Catholic), and AVRO and TROS (both nonsectarian). (Note from PK: Dutch TV has no commercial breaks during films or programs. Commercials are shown before or after the programs and never take up more than 5 minutes. According to me this is the best way. I hate commercial breaks especially when they come every five minutes like here in Australia) The country has many smaller producers, making Dutch radio and television pluralistic. In the early 1990s some 12 million radios were in use and 5.6 million television sets were licensed. (Note from PK: Since the early nineties Holland also has commercial TV stations. They do have commercial breaks and sponsored shows etc. etc. They are very popular but what is popular is not always best, is it?)